{"id":6274,"date":"2020-01-11T20:19:29","date_gmt":"2020-01-11T18:19:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/bird\/rata-de-padure-aix-sponsa\/"},"modified":"2023-02-11T14:51:48","modified_gmt":"2023-02-11T12:51:48","slug":"rata-de-padure-aix-sponsa","status":"publish","type":"bird","link":"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/ro\/bird\/rata-de-padure-aix-sponsa\/","title":{"rendered":"Ra\u021ba de p\u0103dure (Aix sponsa)"},"content":{"rendered":"
Numita si rata cu ochi de soim.<\/div>\n
Ra\u021ba de p\u0103dure poate fi observat\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia numai \u00een captivitate \u00een gr\u0103dinile zoologice \u0219i parcurile urbane. Exemplarele observate \u00een libertate provin de obicei din eliberarea inten\u021bionat\u0103 a acestora sau evadarea din captivitate, specia devenind astfel s\u0103lbatic\u0103 \u0219i adaptat\u0103 condi\u021biilor climatului continental temperat. Specia este originar\u0103 din America de Nord, migreaz\u0103 adesea spre Europa de Vest, respectiv Marea Britanie, Irlanda, Fran\u021ba, ajunge chiar \u0219i \u00een Germania. Caracteristic speciei este faptul c\u0103 prezint\u0103 gheare ascu\u021bite cu care se poate c\u0103\u021b\u0103ra cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 \u00een copaci. Masculul prezint\u0103 un penaj multicolor metalizat pe cap \u0219i ochii ro\u0219ii, cu band\u0103 alb\u0103 pe g\u00e2t. Femela, mai pu\u021bin colorat\u0103, prezint\u0103 un inel alb \u00een jurul ochilor \u0219i g\u00e2tul alb. Ambele sexe prezint\u0103 creast\u0103 pe cap. Se hr\u0103ne\u0219te \u00een special cu fructe de p\u0103dure, ghinde \u0219i semin\u021be, rareori \u0219i cu insecte. Lungimea corpului este de 47-54 cm, iar anvergura aripilor este de 66-73 cm, cu o mas\u0103 corporal\u0103 de 500-862 g. Longevitatea maxim\u0103 \u00een captivitate este de 22-23 de ani.<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00cen America de Nord, specia migreaz\u0103 spre sud \u00een lunile ianuarie-februarie c\u00e2nd \u0219i \u00eencep cuib\u0103ritul, dar exist\u0103 indivizi care pot r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een teritoriile nordice de iernat unde \u0219i cuib\u0103resc atunci c\u00e2nd iernile sunt bl\u00e2nde, \u00een lunile martie-aprilie.<\/div>\n
Uneori, grupuri mici de indivizi pot efectua migra\u021bii \u00een vestul Europei \u0219i formeaz\u0103 efective native acestor regiuni.<\/div>\n
Neobi\u0219nuit pentru o specie de ra\u021b\u0103, ra\u021ba de p\u0103dure cuib\u0103re\u0219te \u00een coronamentul copacilor, zboar\u0103 de la un copac la altul, prinz\u00e2ndu-se cu ghearele puternice de crengile acestora. Specia formeaz\u0103 o pereche pe toat\u0103 via\u021ba, iar masculii protejeaz\u0103 femela dac\u0103 apar posibili pretenden\u021bi. \u00cen perioada de curtare, masculul danseaz\u0103 \u00een jurul femelei cu aripile \u00eentinse \u0219i coada ridicat\u0103, vibr\u00e2nd din tot corpul.<\/div>\n
Cuibul \u00eel construie\u0219te \u00een scorburi ale copacilor, de obicei folose\u0219te cuiburi mai vechi ale cioc\u0103nitorilor. \u00cencep cuib\u0103ritul din al doilea an de via\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Specia are o distribu\u021bie predominant nord-american\u0103, care se extinde uneori p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een vestul Europei, \u00een Marea Britanie \u0219i Irlanda. Popula\u021bia cuib\u0103ritoare european\u0103 este relativ mic\u0103, de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 500 de perechi, dar a cunoscut o cre\u0219tere u\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een perioada 1990 \u2013 2000. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia a fost inregistrata in 2015 o cuibarire (cf. Vlad si Corina Cioflec).<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/h2>\n
Femelele efectivelor sudice ale Americii de Nord depun 6-16 ou\u0103 \u00een lunile ianuarie-februarie, ale c\u0103ror dimensiuni sunt de 55×35 mm, incuba\u021bia fiind de 25-37 zile. Puii sunt bine dezvolta\u021bi \u00eenc\u0103 din momentul ecloz\u0103rii, p\u0103r\u0103sesc cuibul instalat \u00een coronamentul copacilor aproape imediat, urm\u0103rind strig\u0103tele femelei de la nivelul solului. Puii sunt capabili de zbor la v\u00e2rsta de 8-10 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, schimb\u00e2nd astfel penajul de pui cu cel de adult. Perechile au adesea dou\u0103 genera\u021bii de pui pe an.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Declinul speciei \u00een America de Nord este atribuit v\u00e2n\u0103torii \u0219i pierderii habitatului specific prin t\u0103ierea copacilor. Ca m\u0103suri de conservare se impun interzicerea v\u00e2n\u0103torii \u0219i controlul braconajului, evitarea folosirii semin\u021belor tratate \u00een vecin\u0103tatea zonelor de cuib\u0103rit \u0219i refacerea vegeta\u021biei la un nivel ecologic optim.<\/p>\n

foto : Mihai Baciu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Numita si rata cu ochi de soim. Ra\u021ba de p\u0103dure poate fi observat\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia numai \u00een captivitate \u00een gr\u0103dinile zoologice \u0219i parcurile urbane. Exemplarele observate \u00een libertate provin de obicei din eliberarea inten\u021bionat\u0103 a acestora sau evadarea din captivitate, specia devenind astfel s\u0103lbatic\u0103 \u0219i adaptat\u0103 condi\u021biilor climatului continental temperat. Specia este originar\u0103 din America […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":36174,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[],"tags":[],"birdwatching":[],"class_list":["post-6274","bird","type-bird","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRa\u021ba de p\u0103dure (Aix sponsa) - wild travel in Delta Dunarii<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Numita si rata cu ochi de soim.Ra\u021ba de p\u0103dure poate fi observat\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia numai \u00een captivitate \u00een gr\u0103dinile zool\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/ro\/bird\/rata-de-padure-aix-sponsa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ra\u021ba de p\u0103dure (Aix sponsa) - wild travel in Delta Dunarii\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Numita si rata cu ochi de soim.Ra\u021ba de p\u0103dure poate fi observat\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia numai \u00een captivitate \u00een gr\u0103dinile zool\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/ro\/bird\/rata-de-padure-aix-sponsa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"wild travel in Delta Dunarii\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wildtravel.ro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-11T12:51:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/aix-sponsa.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1083\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wildtravel.ro\\\/ro\\\/bird\\\/rata-de-padure-aix-sponsa\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wildtravel.ro\\\/ro\\\/bird\\\/rata-de-padure-aix-sponsa\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ra\u021ba de p\u0103dure (Aix sponsa) - 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