{"id":4616,"date":"2016-01-21T16:58:10","date_gmt":"2016-01-21T14:58:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/bird\/rata-cu-cap-alb-oxyura-leucocephala\/"},"modified":"2023-02-11T14:50:19","modified_gmt":"2023-02-11T12:50:19","slug":"rata-cu-cap-alb-oxyura-leucocephala","status":"publish","type":"bird","link":"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/ro\/bird\/rata-cu-cap-alb-oxyura-leucocephala\/","title":{"rendered":"Rata cu cap alb (Oxyura leucocephala)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rata cu cap alb este o specie caracteristic\u0103 zonelor umede deschise, cu ap\u0103 salmastr\u0103 sau salina \u0219i ad\u00e2ncime mic\u0103. Lungimea corpului este de 43 \u2013 48 cm, inclusv coad\u0103 ce m\u0103soar\u0103 8 \u2013 10 cm \u0219i o greutate de 500 \u2013 600 g. Ciocul lat \u0219i umflat este izbitor de evident la aceast\u0103 specie. Spre deosebire de mascul, femel\u0103 are o dung\u0103 \u00eenchis\u0103 care acoper\u0103 o parte a obrazului alb. Se hr\u0103ne\u0219te \u00een principal cu larve de chironomide, dar \u0219i cu alte nevertebrate \u0219i plante acvatice.<\/p>\n

Localizare \u0219i comportament<\/strong>
\nEste o specie cu o r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire fragmentat\u0103, fiind prezen\u021ba numai \u00een Spania \u0219i \u00een sud – estul Europei. Este o rat\u0103 scufundatoare, prefer\u0103 ape pu\u021b\u00een ad\u00e2nci (30 \u2013 50 cm). \u00ce\u0219i culege hran\u0103 prin scufundare, \u00een special noaptea. Specia european\u0103 este amenin\u021bat\u0103 cu dispari\u021bia, datorit\u0103 \u00eencrucis\u0103rii frecvente cu rat\u0103 jamaican\u0103 (Oxyura jamaicensis), specie introdus\u0103 pe continentul european din America. Perechile monogame se p\u0103streaz\u0103 pe durata sezonului de cuib\u0103rit. Cuib\u0103re\u0219te solitar \u00een cuiburi alc\u0103tuite din stuf \u0219i papur\u0103. Cuib\u0103re\u0219te \u0219i \u00een cuiburile altor specii de rate \u0219i de li\u0219i\u021ba (Fulica atra) \u0219i chiar \u00een cutii artificiale. Ierneaz\u0103 \u00een nordul Africii \u0219i coastele mediteraneene.
\n\"\"
\nPopula\u021bie<\/strong>
\nPopula\u021bia european\u0103 a speciei este mic\u0103 \u0219i cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre 550 \u2013 1.400 de perechi cuibaritoare. \u00cen perioada 1970 \u2013 2000 popula\u021bia speciei a crecut u\u0219or. Un risc major \u00eel reprezint\u0103 hibridizarea cu rat\u0103 jamaican\u0103. Popula\u021bia prezen\u021ba \u00een cartierele de iernare este estimat\u0103 la circa 5.700 exemplare, cele mai mari efective fiind prezente \u00een Turcia \u0219i Azerbaijan.
\n
\n\u00cemperechere <\/strong>
\nExemplarele ce migreaz\u0103 se \u00eentorc din cartierele de iernare \u00een aprilie. \u00cen Spania, specia este sedentar\u0103. Dimensiunile cuibului sunt de circa 20 de cm la diametrul intern \u0219i circa 40 de cm la diametrul extern. \u00cen centru, cuibul are o ad\u00e2ncitura de circa 12 cm, c\u0103ptu\u0219it\u0103 cu penele ratei. Femel\u0103 depune \u00een perioada mai \u2013 iunie, un num\u0103r de 5 \u2013 6 ou\u0103, ce au o dimensiune medie de 65,6 x 50,2 mm. Incuba\u021bia dureaz\u0103 22 \u2013 24 de zile \u0219i este asigurat\u0103 de femel\u0103. Puii devin zbur\u0103tori la 56 -70 de zile.
\n\"\"
\nAmenin\u021b\u0103ri \u0219i m\u0103suri de conservare<\/strong>
\nDegradarea zonelor umede, arderea \u0219i t\u0103ierea stufului, deranjul provocat de activit\u0103\u021bile piscicole, braconajul \u0219i hibridizarea cu rat\u0103 jamaican\u0103 sunt principalele pericole ce afecteaz\u0103 specia. Implementarea Planului European de Ac\u021biune, contribuie la asigurarea supravie\u021buirii acestei specii.<\/p>\n

Etimologie<\/strong>
\nOxys \u2013 adj. \u2013 ascu\u021bit, ura \u2013 subst. gr.  \u2013 coad\u0103
\nleucocephala \u2013 leukos \u2013 alb \u0219i kephale \u2013 cap, gr. veche<\/p>\n

foto: Mihai Baciu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rata cu cap alb este o specie caracteristic\u0103 zonelor umede deschise, cu ap\u0103 salmastr\u0103 sau salina \u0219i ad\u00e2ncime mic\u0103. Lungimea corpului este de 43 \u2013 48 cm, inclusv coad\u0103 ce m\u0103soar\u0103 8 \u2013 10 cm \u0219i o greutate de 500 \u2013 600 g. Ciocul lat \u0219i umflat este izbitor de evident la aceast\u0103 specie. Spre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":36507,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[],"tags":[],"birdwatching":[],"class_list":["post-4616","bird","type-bird","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRata cu cap alb (Oxyura leucocephala) - wild travel in Delta Dunarii<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rata cu cap alb este o specie caracteristica zonelor umede deschise, cu apa salmastra sau salina si adanc\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/bird\/white-headed-duck-oxyura-leucocephala\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rata cu cap alb (Oxyura leucocephala) - wild travel in Delta Dunarii\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rata cu cap alb este o specie caracteristica zonelor umede deschise, cu apa salmastra sau salina si adanc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/bird\/white-headed-duck-oxyura-leucocephala\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"wild travel in Delta Dunarii\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wildtravel.ro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-11T12:50:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/oxyura-leucocephala.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1104\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wildtravel.ro\\\/bird\\\/white-headed-duck-oxyura-leucocephala\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wildtravel.ro\\\/bird\\\/white-headed-duck-oxyura-leucocephala\\\/\",\"name\":\"Rata cu cap alb (Oxyura leucocephala) - 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