{"id":4406,"date":"2015-06-18T05:07:58","date_gmt":"2015-06-18T03:07:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/bird\/chira-de-mare-sterna-sandvicensis\/"},"modified":"2023-02-11T13:36:17","modified_gmt":"2023-02-11T11:36:17","slug":"chira-de-mare-sterna-sandvicensis","status":"publish","type":"bird","link":"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/ro\/bird\/chira-de-mare-sterna-sandvicensis\/","title":{"rendered":"Chira de mare (Sterna sandvicensis)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chira de mare, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub denumirea de r\u00e2ndunic\u0103 maritim\u0103, este caracteristic\u0103 zonelor lagunare \u0219i coastelor marine. Lungimea corpului este de 34 \u2013 45 cm \u0219i \u0219i o greutate de 180 \u2013 300 g. Anvergur\u0103 aripilor este de circa 85 \u2013 87 cm. C\u0103 m\u0103rime, este asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu pesc\u0103ru\u0219ul r\u0103z\u0103tor (Chroicocephalus ridibundus). Adul\u021bii au \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are similar\u0103. Ciocul este lung, aripile ascu\u021bite, iar coad\u0103 se termin\u0103 \u00een furculi\u021ba. Partea superioar\u0103 a capului este neagr\u0103, penajul este gri, iar picioarele negre. Se hr\u0103ne\u0219te cu peste, viermi, crustacei \u0219i pui ale altor p\u0103s\u0103ri.<\/p>\n

Localizare \u0219i comportament<\/strong>
\nEste o specie prezen\u021ba pe cea mai mare parte a continentului european. Pentru localizarea pradei zboar\u0103 la punct fix, fluturandu-\u0219i aripile \u0219i apoi plonjeaz\u0103 de la 5 \u2013 10 m \u00een ap\u0103, dup\u0103 peste. Se hr\u0103ne\u0219te adeseori \u00een plasele de pescuit marine. Cuib\u0103re\u0219te \u00een colonii a\u0219ezate pe sol, uneori al\u0103turi de alte chire sau pesc\u0103ru\u0219i. Cuibul construit de ambii parteneri este o ad\u00e2ncitur\u0103 \u00een solul nisipos, c\u0103ptu\u0219it\u0103 cu scoici, pene \u0219i resturi vegetale. Ierneaz\u0103 pe coastele europene ale Mediteranei \u0219i \u00een Peninsula Arabiei.<\/p>\n

Popula\u021bie<\/strong>
\nPopula\u021bia european\u0103 este relativ mic\u0103 \u0219i cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre 82 000 \u2013 130 000 perechi. A \u00eenregistrat un declin moderat \u00een perioada 1970 \u2013 1990. \u00cen perioada cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre 1990 \u2013 2000, efectivele \u00eenregistrate au fost fluctuante, iar pe ansamblu specia este \u00een declin. Cele mai mari efective sunt \u00een Rusia, Olanda \u0219i Marea Britanie. Dintre exemplarele ce ierneaz\u0103 \u00een Europa, cele mai multe sunt \u00een Grecia, Turcia \u0219i Italia.
\n
\n\u00cemperechere <\/strong>
\nSose\u0219te din cartierele de iernare \u00een luna aprilie. Femela depune \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit 1 – 2 ou\u0103, \u00een a dou\u0103 parte a lunii mai, cu o dimensiune medie de 50,7 x 35,9 mm. Incuba\u021bia dureaz\u0103 \u00een jur de 21 \u2013 29 de zile \u0219i este asigurat\u0103 de ambii parteneri. \u00cen prima s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na cloceste doar femela, ce este hr\u0103nit\u0103 de c\u0103tre mascul. Dup\u0103 eclozare, puii sunt \u00eengriji\u021bi \u00een cre\u0219e de c\u0103tre adul\u021bi. Devin zbur\u0103tori la 28 \u2013 30 de zile, \u00eens\u0103 mai r\u0103m\u00e2n o perioada dependen\u021bi de p\u0103rin\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Amenin\u021b\u0103ri \u0219i m\u0103suri de conservare<\/strong>
\nDeranjul determinat de activit\u0103\u021bile umane, ce duce la pierderea locurilor de cuib\u0103rit, prin urbanizarea teritoriilor caracteristice speciei \u0219i deranjul produs de fermele eoliene, amplasate \u00een zonele marine, reprezint\u0103 pericole ce afecteaz\u0103 specia. Reducerea deranjului produs de activit\u0103\u021bile umane este prioritar\u0103.<\/p>\n

Etimologie<\/strong>
\nsterna- numele p\u0103s\u0103rii \u00een latin\u0103 medieval
\nsandvicensis \u2013 form\u0103 lat. de la localitatea Sandwich (UK)<\/p>\n

foto: Mihai Baciu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chira de mare, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub denumirea de r\u00e2ndunic\u0103 maritim\u0103, este caracteristic\u0103 zonelor lagunare \u0219i coastelor marine. Lungimea corpului este de 34 \u2013 45 cm \u0219i \u0219i o greutate de 180 \u2013 300 g. Anvergur\u0103 aripilor este de circa 85 \u2013 87 cm. C\u0103 m\u0103rime, este asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu pesc\u0103ru\u0219ul r\u0103z\u0103tor (Chroicocephalus ridibundus). Adul\u021bii au \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":36619,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[],"tags":[],"birdwatching":[],"class_list":["post-4406","bird","type-bird","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChira de mare (Sterna sandvicensis) - wild travel in Delta Dunarii<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chira de mare, cunoscuta si sub denumirea de randunica maritima, este caracteristica zonelor lagunare s\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/ro\/bird\/chira-de-mare-sterna-sandvicensis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chira de mare (Sterna sandvicensis) - wild travel in Delta Dunarii\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chira de mare, cunoscuta si sub denumirea de randunica maritima, este caracteristica zonelor lagunare s\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/ro\/bird\/chira-de-mare-sterna-sandvicensis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"wild travel in Delta Dunarii\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wildtravel.ro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-11T11:36:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/sterna-sandvicensis.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1208\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wildtravel.ro\\\/ro\\\/bird\\\/chira-de-mare-sterna-sandvicensis\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wildtravel.ro\\\/ro\\\/bird\\\/chira-de-mare-sterna-sandvicensis\\\/\",\"name\":\"Chira de mare (Sterna sandvicensis) - 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