{"id":41392,"date":"2024-09-20T18:59:47","date_gmt":"2024-09-20T16:59:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/?post_type=bird&p=41392"},"modified":"2024-09-20T18:59:48","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T16:59:48","slug":"porumbel-domestic-columba-livia-domestica","status":"publish","type":"bird","link":"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/ro\/bird\/porumbel-domestic-columba-livia-domestica\/","title":{"rendered":"Porumbel domestic – Columba livia (domestica)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Porumbelul domestic nu este o specie de pas\u0103re s\u0103lbatic\u0103, ci un taxon rezultat de-a lungul timpului din indivizii de porumbel de st\u00e2nc\u0103 (Columba livia<\/em>) domestici\u021bi \u0219i elibera\u021bi sau „sc\u0103pa\u021bi” \u00een natur\u0103. Porumbelul de st\u00e2nc\u0103 a fost domesticit \u00eenc\u0103 din antichitate, mai ales pentru hran\u0103 \u0219i ca porumbel voiajor, iar de-a lungul timpului, indivizii domestici\u021bi au fost selecta\u021bi pentru anumite caracteristici ale penajului, astfel c\u0103 indivizii de porumbei domestici s\u0103lb\u0103tici\u021bi (Columba livia forma domestica<\/em>) au o varietate mare de penaj, mul\u021bi fiind aproape identici cu porumbelul de st\u00e2nc\u0103. Penajul asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu porumbelul de st\u00e2nc\u0103 este gri deschis pe spate \u0219i pe partea dorsal\u0103 a capului, gri-alb\u0103strui pe cap, piept \u0219i coad\u0103, iar pe aripa \u00eenchis\u0103 prezint\u0103 dou\u0103 dungi negre. Alte forme de penaj includ gri pestri\u021b, alb, roz-g\u0103lbui, sau gri \u00eentunecat complet. Lungimea corpului este de 29 – 35 cm, anvergura de 60 – 68 cm, iar greutatea este de 180 – 355 g.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etimologia denumirii \u0219tiintifice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Numele genului provine din denumirea \u00een latin\u0103 a porumbelului – Columba<\/em>. Numele speciei provine din cuv\u00e2ntul latin livia <\/em>– alb\u0103strui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Localizare \u0219i comportament<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Distribu\u021bie<\/strong>
Porumbelul domestic este r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit pe aproape toate continentele, cu excep\u021bia Antarcticii, fiind transportat de-a lungul timpului de c\u0103tre oameni \u0219i ap\u0103r\u00e2nd astfel popula\u021bii de indivizi s\u0103lb\u0103tici\u021bi (specie introdus\u0103). Porumbelul de st\u00e2nc\u0103 (forma s\u0103lbatic\u0103) cuib\u0103re\u0219te \u00een Europa \u00een zonele de st\u00e2nc\u0103rie din jurul Mediteranei \u0219i \u00een vestul Europei \u00een zonele de coast\u0103. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia este prezent pe tot teritoriul \u021b\u0103rii cu excep\u021bia zonelor montane (doar forma domestic\u0103).
Fenologie<\/strong>
Porumbelul domestic cuib\u0103re\u0219te \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, este rezident \u0219i sezonul de cuib\u0103rit se \u00eentinde pe tot timpul anului.
Habitate<\/strong>
Porumbelul domestic este un taxon sinantrop, cuib\u0103rind mai ales \u00een localit\u0103\u021bi, dar \u0219i \u00een afara lor unde sunt prezente cl\u0103diri (ferme, silozuri, depozite, zone industriale etc.).
Hran\u0103<\/strong>
Se hr\u0103ne\u0219te \u00een general pe sol, preponderent cu semin\u021be de cereale dar \u0219i cu alte materii vegetale. \u00cen ora\u0219e se hr\u0103ne\u0219te de multe ori oportunist, cu diferite resturi de m\u00e2ncare puse la dispozi\u021bie direct sau indirect de c\u0103tre oameni, de cele mai multe ori fiind vorba de produse de panifica\u021bie.
Alte informa\u021bii<\/strong>
Columbofilia este activitatea de cre\u0219tere, reproducere \u0219i antrenament a porumbeilor voiajori \u0219i a raselor selectate pentru ra\u021bionamente estetice. Porumbeii voiajori sunt folosi\u021bi \u00eenc\u0103 din antichitate pentru transmiterea de mesaje la distan\u021be mari, mai ales \u00een timpuri de r\u0103zboi c\u00e2nd transmiterea mesajelor prin intermediul mijloacelor terestre este \u00eengreunat\u0103 sau imposibil\u0103. Mesajele sunt transmise prin intermediul columbogramelor (mici mesaje scrise punse \u00eentr-un tub ata\u0219at de piciorul p\u0103s\u0103rii). Mai mul\u021bi porumbei voiajori au fost decora\u021bi \u00een urma ac\u021biunilor acestora \u00een timpul r\u0103zboaielor mondiale, un exemplu fiind porumbelul Cher Ami, care a primit decora\u021bia militar\u0103 francez\u0103 – Crucea de r\u0103zboi (Croix de guerre).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Popula\u021bie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Popula\u021bia la nivel mondial a speciei (porumbelul de st\u00e2nc\u0103 \u0219i forma domestic\u0103) este de 260 000 000 de indivizi. Popula\u021bia la nivel European este de 1 000 000 – 22 600 000 de perechi. Se suspecteaz\u0103 c\u0103 tendin\u021ba popula\u021bional\u0103 la nivel european \u0219i global este \u00een sc\u0103dere \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te popula\u021biile naturale. Popula\u021bia din Rom\u00e2nia care este format\u0103 doar din taxonul Columba livia forma domestica<\/em> este de 1 145 419 – 1 851 573 de perechi, tendin\u021ba popula\u021bional\u0103 la nivel na\u021bional fiind nesigur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reproducere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Perioada de reproducere se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 pe toat\u0103 durata anului. Cuibul este construit sub forma unei gr\u0103mezi superficiale de crengu\u021be \u0219i paie \u0219i este plasat de obicei in diferite cavit\u0103\u021bi ale cl\u0103dirilor, mai ales \u00een acoperi\u0219uri. Depune de obicei 2 ou\u0103 care sunt clocite pentru aproximativ 18 zile. Puii sunt hr\u0103ni\u021bi \u00een primele zile de via\u021b\u0103 cu „lapte de prumbel”, un lichid regurgitat din gu\u0219\u0103, de ambii p\u0103rin\u021bi, foarte bogat \u00een gr\u0103simi \u0219i proteine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amenin\u021b\u0103ri \u0219i m\u0103suri de conservare<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te popula\u021biile de porumbel domestic, nu se poate vorbi despre conservarea acestui taxon av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere originea lui domestic\u0103. Popula\u021biile s\u0103lbatice de porumbel de st\u00e2nc\u0103 sunt amenin\u021bate din pricina pericolului hibridiz\u0103rii cu exemplarele de porumbel domestic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Porumbelul domestic nu este o specie de pas\u0103re s\u0103lbatic\u0103, ci un taxon rezultat de-a lungul timpului din indivizii de porumbel de st\u00e2nc\u0103 (Columba livia) domestici\u021bi \u0219i elibera\u021bi sau „sc\u0103pa\u021bi” \u00een natur\u0103. Porumbelul de st\u00e2nc\u0103 a fost domesticit \u00eenc\u0103 din antichitate, mai ales pentru hran\u0103 \u0219i ca porumbel voiajor, iar de-a lungul timpului, indivizii domestici\u021bi au […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":41390,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[],"tags":[],"birdwatching":[],"class_list":["post-41392","bird","type-bird","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPorumbel domestic - Columba livia (domestica) - wild travel in Delta Dunarii<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"domestici s\u0103lb\u0103tici\u021bi (Columba livia forma domestica) au o varietate mare de penaj, mul\u021bi fiind aproape identici cu porumbelul\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/ro\/bird\/porumbel-domestic-columba-livia-domestica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Porumbel domestic - 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