{"id":38462,"date":"2023-08-01T09:50:12","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T07:50:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/?post_type=bird&p=38462"},"modified":"2024-10-21T20:15:55","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T18:15:55","slug":"pitulice-de-munte-orientala-phylloscopus-orientalis","status":"publish","type":"bird","link":"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/ro\/bird\/pitulice-de-munte-orientala-phylloscopus-orientalis\/","title":{"rendered":"Pitulice de munte orientala – Phylloscopus orientalis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pitulicea de munte oriental\u0103<\/strong> (Phylloscopus orientalis<\/strong><\/em>) numit\u0103 \u0219i pitulice de munte<\/strong>, pitulice oriental\u0103<\/strong>, pitulice verde montan\u0103<\/strong>, pitulice balcanic\u0103<\/strong>, este o pas\u0103re mic\u0103, insectivor\u0103, migratoare din familia filoscopide<\/a> (Phylloscopidae<\/em>) care cuib\u0103re\u0219te \u00een sud-estul Europei din Croa\u021bia p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Albania \u0219i Bulgaria, nordul Greciei \u0219i vestul \u0219i sud-vestul Turciei; exist\u0103 popula\u021bii izolate \u00een estul Anatoliei, Siria, Liban \u0219i vestul Iranului. Ierneaz\u0103 \u00een estul Africii. Migra\u021bia de prim\u0103var\u0103 \u00eencepe la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lui februarie sau \u00eenceputul lui martie, iar cea de toamn\u0103 \u00eencepe la jum\u0103tatea lui iulie, continu\u0103 \u00een august \u0219i se termin\u0103 \u00een septembrie. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia au fost observa\u021bi sporadic indivizi din aceast\u0103 specie \u00een sudul Dobrogei (mai ales la Agigea) \u0219i mai demult \u00een Carpa\u021bi, nu este exclus \u00eens\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 cuib\u0103reasc\u0103, chiar a fost suspectat\u0103 o tentativ\u0103 de cuib\u0103rit \u00een p\u0103durea Hagieni. \u00cen septembrie 2018 Emanuel Baltag \u0219i Galan Petri\u0219or au capturat \u0219i inelat un exemplar la Agigea. Cuib\u0103re\u0219te \u00een p\u0103duri, \u00een nordul arealului la altitudini mai mici \u0219i \u00een p\u0103duri mai rare cu tuf\u0103ri\u0219uri, \u00een sudul arealului pe pantele montane, \u00een p\u0103duri de pin sau de stejar. Este o pas\u0103re de talie mic\u0103, are o lungime de 11,5 cm \u0219i o greutate de 5,5-10,5 g. Sexele sunt asem\u0103n\u0103toare \u0219i nu se pot diferen\u021bia dup\u0103 culoarea penajului. Coloritul fe\u021bei este destul de simplu, cu o spr\u00e2ncean\u0103 albicioas\u0103 sau alb-g\u0103lbuie deasupra ochiului, destul de vag conturat\u0103 \u00eenaintea ochilor. Lorul (lorum<\/em>) este \u00eentunecat, brun-m\u0103sliniu, \u0219i se \u00eentinde peste ochi form\u00e2nd o dung\u0103 ocular\u0103 brunie slab conturat\u0103. Obrazul \u0219i regiunea auricular\u0103 de culoare brun\u0103 mai deschis\u0103. Cre\u0219tetul \u0219i ceafa de culoare cenu\u0219ie. P\u0103r\u021bile superioare sunt cenu\u0219ii sau brun-cenu\u0219ii, cu aproape nici o nuan\u021b\u0103 brun\u0103 pe cre\u0219tet sau pe manta, \u0219i cu t\u00e2rti\u021ba \u0219i tectricele supracaudale de culoare verde-g\u0103lbuie sau galben-m\u0103slinie. Aripile sunt destul de lungi \u0219i ascu\u021bite. Remigele aripilor brun-\u00eenchise cu marginile laterale galben-verzui str\u0103lucitoare, care formeaz\u0103 o oglind\u0103 alar\u0103<\/a> verde distinctiv\u0103 pe aripa nedesf\u0103cut\u0103, contrast\u00e2nd cu remigele ter\u021biare situate deasupra care au marginile laterale albicioase \u0219i centrul \u00eentunecat. Tectricele supraalare brun-\u00eenchise; marginile laterale ale supraalarelor mari \u0219i ale tectricelor primare galben-verzui. Coada destul de lung\u0103, cu v\u00e2rful p\u0103trat sau u\u0219or bifurcat, are o culoare brun-\u00eenchis\u0103, rectricele cozii au marginile laterale galben-verzui str\u0103lucitoare. P\u0103r\u021bile inferioare alb-m\u0103t\u0103soase, cu nuan\u021be vagi cenu\u0219ii sau brun-g\u0103lbui deschise pe laturile pieptului \u0219i flancuri. Tectricele subcodale alb-cenu\u0219ii. Tectricele subalare \u0219i axilare galben-deschise sau albicioase. Irisul brun-\u00eenchis. Ciocul scurt \u0219i gros de culoare galben-\u00eenchis\u0103. Picioarele lungi, \u00een general brun-cenu\u0219ii sau brun-negricioase. Se hr\u0103ne\u0219te cu nevertebrate, mai ales cu insecte, pe care le caut\u0103 \u00een coronamentul arborilor \u0219i \u00een subarboret, pe ramurile periferice. Toamna consum\u0103 \u0219i fructe. Este o specia monogam\u0103, teritorial\u0103. Cuibul \u0219i-l face de cele mai multe ori pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt, sub un tufi\u0219, el are form\u0103 de dom, cu o intrare lateral\u0103, \u0219i este construit din iarb\u0103 \u0219i uneori frunze \u0219i r\u0103d\u0103cinu\u021be. Femela depune la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lui mai \u0219i \u00eenceputul lui iunie 4-7 ou\u0103 albe, stropite cu puncte purpurii, pe care le incubeaz\u0103 12-13 zile, \u00een timp ce masculul vegheaz\u0103 de pe o ramur\u0103 mai \u00eenalt\u0103 din coroana copacului. Puii sunt hr\u0103ni\u021bi de ambii p\u0103rin\u021bi \u0219i p\u0103r\u0103sesc cuibul dup\u0103 12-13 zile. Depune o singur\u0103 pont\u0103 pe an. Pitulicea de munte oriental\u0103 a fost considerat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 recent ca o subspecie (Phylloscopus bonelli orientalis<\/em>) a pitulicii de munte occidentale (Phylloscopus bonelli<\/a><\/em>), cu care se aseam\u0103n\u0103 foarte mult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Denumirea<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Denumirea latin\u0103 Phylloscopus <\/em>a genului, provine din cuvintele latine phyllo<\/em> (din greac\u0103 phullon<\/em>) = frunz\u0103 + scopus<\/em> (din greac\u0103 skopos)<\/em> = cercet\u0103tor, observator, examinator, c\u0103ut\u0103tor, deoarece acest gen include specii care \u00ee\u0219i petrec o mare parte din timpul lor hr\u0103nindu-se \u00een arbori „examin\u00e2nd frunzele”. Denumirea latin\u0103 a speciei orientalis<\/em> (= oriental, r\u0103s\u0103ritean, estic, de r\u0103s\u0103rit, de est) indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 ea se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een estul Europei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 pitulicea de munte oriental\u0103<\/strong> (Phylloscopus orientalis<\/em>) se mai nume\u0219te pitulice de munte<\/strong>, pitulice oriental\u0103<\/strong>, pitulice verde montan\u0103<\/strong>, pitulice balcanic\u0103<\/strong>, pitulice Bonelli estic\u0103<\/strong>, pitulice verde Bonelli<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sistematica \u0219i taxonomia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pitulicea de munte oriental\u0103 a fost descris\u0103 pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een 1855 de C. L. Brehm sub denumirea latin\u0103 de Phyllopneuste orientalis<\/em> (terra typica<\/em> Wadi Halfa, Nubia, nordul Sudanului). Ea a fost considerat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 recent ca o subspecie (Phylloscopus bonelli orientalis<\/em>) a pitulicii de munte occidentale (Phylloscopus bonelli<\/a><\/em>), cu care se aseam\u0103n\u0103 foarte mult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea geografic\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pitulicea de munte oriental\u0103 cuib\u0103re\u0219te \u00een sud-estul Europei, \u00een fosta Iugoslavie (Croa\u021bia, Bosnia \u0219i Her\u021begovina, Macedonia, Muntenegru, Serbia), Albania, Bulgaria, sudul Rom\u00e2niei (?), nordul Greciei, \u0219i vestul \u0219i sudul Turciei. Popula\u021bii izolate cuib\u0103resc \u00een estul Anatoliei, Siria, Liban \u0219i vestul Iranului. Migreaz\u0103 toamna prin vestul Turciei, Siria \u0219i Israel p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Sudan \u0219i se \u00eentoarce prim\u0103vara spre nord prin Egipt. \u00cen migra\u021bia de toamn\u0103 \u0219i prim\u0103vara este \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 spre vest p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Malta, Tunisia, Cipru \u0219i vestul Libiei. Ierneaz\u0103 \u00een estul Africii (estul Ciadului, partea sud-central\u0103 a Sudanului \u0219i Eritreea). Apari\u021bii accidentale au fost \u00eenregistrate \u00een Marea Britanie, Irlanda, Olanda, Norvegia, Finlanda, Ungaria, Ucraina (Crimeea), Sudanul de Sud, Irak, Oman \u0219i Emiratele Arabe Unite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prezen\u021ba \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pitulicea de munte oriental\u0103 este foarte rar \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. Nu exist\u0103 date certe referitoare la cuib\u0103ritul ei \u00een Rom\u00e2nia.Sporadic au fost observa\u021bi indivizi din aceast\u0103 specie \u00een sudul Dobrogei \u0219i mai demult \u00een Carpa\u021bi. \u00cen trecerea ei prin Dobrogea a fost capturat\u0103 la Agigea (pe litoral) \u0219i observat\u0103 pe malul lagunelor. Victor Ciochia a \u00eent\u00e2lnit-o pe coasta M\u0103rii Negre. <\/a><\/sup>A fost chiar suspectat\u0103 o tentativ\u0103 de cuib\u0103rit \u00een p\u0103durea Hagieni.\"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Descrierea<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Este o pitulice de talie mijlocie-mic\u0103, destul de deschis\u0103 la culoare, \u00een mare parte cenu\u0219ie sau brun-cenu\u0219ie, cu excep\u021bia oglinzii alare verde-g\u0103lbui str\u0103lucitoare. Este destul de \u00eendesat\u0103, cu capul \u0219i corpul mai mari \u0219i mai rotunjite, cu aripi destul de lungi \u0219i ascu\u021bite \u0219i cu coada destul de lung\u0103, cu v\u00e2rful p\u0103trat sau u\u0219or bifurcat. Are o lungime de 11-12 cm (\u00een medie de 11,5 cm) \u0219i o greutate de 5,5-10,5 g. Este pu\u021bin mai mare dec\u00e2t pitulicea mic\u0103 (Phylloscopus collybita<\/a><\/em>). Sexele sunt asem\u0103n\u0103toare \u0219i nu se pot diferen\u021bia dup\u0103 penaj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adultul \u00een penajul nup\u021bial<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Adultul \u00een penajul nup\u021bial proasp\u0103t, neuzat<\/em>, are p\u0103r\u021bile superioare de o culoare mai sp\u0103l\u0103cit\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 luciu, cenu\u0219ie sau brun-cenu\u0219iu deschis\u0103, mantaua \u0219i spatele cu o nuan\u021b\u0103 verzuie, dar practic f\u0103r\u0103 o nuan\u021b\u0103 brun\u0103 pe cre\u0219tet sau pe manta. T\u00e2rti\u021ba \u0219i tectricele supracaudale sunt verde-g\u0103lbui sau galben-m\u0103slinii str\u0103lucitoare (uneori greu vizibile pe teren, \u00eens\u0103 t\u00e2rti\u021ba g\u0103lbuie iese \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 \u00een timpul zborului) \u0219i contrasteaz\u0103 cu spatele brun-cenu\u0219iu. Coloritul fe\u021bei este destul de simplu, cu o spr\u00e2nceana albicioas\u0103, uneori ocru (= brun-g\u0103lbuie) sau galben\u0103 deasupra ochiului, destul de vag conturat\u0103 \u00eenaintea ochilor \u0219i adesea fragmentat\u0103 aici \u00eentr-o pat\u0103. \u00cen contrast, ochiul negru mare domin\u0103 fa\u021ba mat\u0103. Obrazul brun \u0219i regiunea auricular\u0103 brun\u0103 sau brun aprins\u0103, acesta din urm\u0103 uneori contrasteaz\u0103 cu cre\u0219tetul \u0219i ceafa de culoare cenu\u0219ie. Lorul (lorum<\/em>) \u0219i regiunea auricular\u0103 superioar\u0103 de culoare brun-m\u0103slinie \u00eenchis\u0103 formeaz\u0103 o dung\u0103 brunie vag\u0103 peste ochi, care contrasteaz\u0103 slab numai cu regiunea auricular\u0103 \u0219i obrajii de culoare brun\u0103 u\u0219or mai deschis\u0103. Inelul orbital nedivizat este alb-g\u0103lbui deschis. P\u0103r\u021bile inferioare sunt uniform colorate, alb-m\u0103t\u0103soase sau alb-murdar\u0103, cu excep\u021bia nuan\u021bei vagi brun-g\u0103lbui deschise (ocru-deschise) sau cenu\u0219ii pe laturile pieptului \u0219i flancuri. Tectricele subcodale alb-cenu\u0219ii; coapsele brun-g\u0103lbui deschise. Coada este destul de lung\u0103, cu v\u00e2rful p\u0103trat sau u\u0219or bifurcat. Rectricele cozii de culoare brun-\u00eenchis\u0103, tivite pe margini cu galben-verzui viu, steagurile interne ale celor patru sau cinci rectrice laterale sunt tivite \u00eengust pe margini cu alb. Aripile sunt destul de lungi \u0219i ascu\u021bite. Remigele primare \u0219i secundare sunt brun-\u00eenchise \u0219i au marginile laterale viu colorate cu galben-verzui. Remigele ter\u021biare situate deasupra au marginile laterale albicioase sau alb-g\u0103lbui deschise \u0219i centrul \u00eentunecat. Marginile deschise ale remigelor secundare formeaz\u0103 o oglind\u0103 alar\u0103 distinctiv\u0103 verde str\u0103lucitoare pe aripa nedesf\u0103cut\u0103, care contrasteaz\u0103 cu remigele ter\u021biare cu centrul \u00eentunecat. Tectricele supraalare brun-\u00eenchise; marginile laterale ale tectricelor supraalare mari \u0219i ale tectricelor primare sunt galben-verzui. Tectrice subalare sunt galben-deschise sau albicioase; tectricele axilare au o culoare deschis\u0103, galben-albicioase. Ciocul este scurt \u0219i gros de culoare galben-\u00eenchis\u0103, mandibula superioar\u0103 brun deschis\u0103 cu marginile t\u0103ioase rozacee; mandibula inferioar\u0103 brun-rozacee cu v\u00e2rful brun-deschis, baza mandibulei inferioare cu o mic\u0103 zon\u0103 palid\u0103. Picioarele sunt lungi, \u00een general de culoare \u0219tears\u0103 brun-cenu\u0219iu deschis\u0103, brun-rozacee sau brun-ardezie. Irisul este brun-\u00eenchis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pitulicea de munte oriental\u0103 (Phylloscopus orientalis) numit\u0103 \u0219i pitulice de munte, pitulice oriental\u0103, pitulice verde montan\u0103, pitulice balcanic\u0103, este o pas\u0103re mic\u0103, insectivor\u0103, migratoare din familia filoscopide (Phylloscopidae) care cuib\u0103re\u0219te \u00een sud-estul Europei din Croa\u021bia p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Albania \u0219i Bulgaria, nordul Greciei \u0219i vestul \u0219i sud-vestul Turciei; exist\u0103 popula\u021bii izolate \u00een estul Anatoliei, Siria, Liban […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":38472,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[],"tags":[],"birdwatching":[],"class_list":["post-38462","bird","type-bird","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPitulice de munte orientala - Phylloscopus orientalis - wild travel in Delta Dunarii<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pitulicea de munte oriental\u0103 (Phylloscopus orientalis) numit\u0103 \u0219i pitulice de munte, pitulice oriental\u0103, pitulice verde montan\u0103, pitulice balcanic\u0103\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/ro\/bird\/pitulice-de-munte-orientala-phylloscopus-orientalis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pitulice de munte orientala - 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