{"id":3756,"date":"2014-03-23T15:43:43","date_gmt":"2014-03-23T13:43:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/bird\/pescarus-cu-cap-negru-larus-melanocephalus\/"},"modified":"2023-02-04T19:34:31","modified_gmt":"2023-02-04T17:34:31","slug":"pescarus-cu-cap-negru-larus-melanocephalus","status":"publish","type":"bird","link":"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/ro\/bird\/pescarus-cu-cap-negru-larus-melanocephalus\/","title":{"rendered":"Pesc\u0103ru\u0219ul cu cap negru (Larus melanocephalus)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pesc\u0103ru\u0219ul cu cap negru, denumit \u0219i martin cu cap negru, este o specie caracteristic\u0103 zonelor umede deschise, lagunare \u0219i de coasta. \u00cen migra\u021bie apare \u00een zone umede, lacuri, zone lagunare \u0219i de coasta, dar \u0219i \u00een zone agricole \u0219i p\u0103\u0219uni. Este pu\u021b\u00een mai mare dec\u00e2t pesc\u0103ru\u0219ul r\u00e2z\u0103tor (Larus ridibundus). Lungimea corpului este de 37 \u2013 40 cm \u0219i o greutate de 215 \u2013 350 g. Anvergur\u0103 aripilor este de circa 95 \u2013 105 cm. Longevitatea maxim\u0103 cunoscut\u0103 este de 15 ani. Adul\u021bii au \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are similar\u0103. Penajul capului este negru, iar ciocul \u0219i picioarele sunt ro\u0219ii. Se hr\u0103ne\u0219te cu insecte, larve, scoici, melci \u0219i pe\u0219ti mici.<\/p>\n

Localizare \u0219i comportament\"\"<\/strong>
\nEste o specie prezen\u021ba pe cea mai mare parte a continentului european. Se adapteaz\u0103 u\u0219or la diferite tipuri de habitat. Poate zbura pentru hr\u0103nire, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 80 de km distan\u021b\u0103 de colonie. Atinge maturitatea sexual\u0103 la 2 ani. Cuib\u0103re\u0219te \u00een colonii, uneori \u00een colonii mixte cu alte specii. Cuibul este a\u0219ezat pe sol \u0219i este c\u0103ptu\u0219it cu vegeta\u021bie. Ierneaz\u0103 pe \u021b\u0103rmurile Mediteranei \u0219i Crimeea.<\/p>\n

Popula\u021bie<\/strong>
\n\"\"Popula\u021bia european\u0103 a speciei este mare, fiind estimat\u0103 \u00eentre 120.000 \u0219i 320.000 perechi. A crescut \u00eentre 1970 \u2013 1990 \u0219i a continuat aceast\u0103 tendin\u021ba \u0219i \u00een perioada 1990 \u2013 2000.   \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, num\u0103rul estimat de perechi este de 120 \u2013 250 perechi. Cele mai mari efective cuibaritoare sunt \u00een Ucraina, Turcia \u0219i Rusia. Dintre exemplarele care ierneaz\u0103 \u00een Europa, cele mai multe sunt prezente \u00een Italia, Fran\u021ba \u0219i Turcia.<\/p>\n

\u00cemperechere <\/strong>
\nSose\u0219te din cartierele de iernare \u00een aprilie \u0219i \u00eenceputul lunii mai. Femela depune \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit 3 ou\u0103, \u00een a dou\u0103 parte a lunii mai \u0219i \u00eenceputul lunii iunie, cu o dimensiune medie de 55,1 x 40 mm \u0219i o greutate medie de 42,5 g. Incubatia dureaz\u0103 23 \u2013 25 de zile. Puii devin zbur\u0103tori la 35 \u2013 40 de zile.
\n
\nAmenin\u021b\u0103ri \u0219i m\u0103suri de conservare<\/strong>
\nDistrugerea habitatelor umede, \u00een zonele de cuib\u0103rit, dar mai ales \u00een cele situate pe traseul de migra\u021bie, poluarea apelor prin folosirea pesticidelor \u00een agricultur\u0103 \u0219i deranjul determinat de activit\u0103\u021bile umane sunt principalele pericole ce afecteaz\u0103 specia. Reconstruc\u021bia zonelor umede de pe traseul de migra\u021bie este prioritar\u0103.<\/p>\n

Etimologie<\/strong>
\nlarus \u2013 lat. \u2013 pesc\u0103ru\u0219
\nmelas, melanos \u2013 gr. negru, kephale – cap<\/p>\n

foto: Mihai Baciu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pesc\u0103ru\u0219ul cu cap negru, denumit \u0219i martin cu cap negru, este o specie caracteristic\u0103 zonelor umede deschise, lagunare \u0219i de coasta. \u00cen migra\u021bie apare \u00een zone umede, lacuri, zone lagunare \u0219i de coasta, dar \u0219i \u00een zone agricole \u0219i p\u0103\u0219uni. Este pu\u021b\u00een mai mare dec\u00e2t pesc\u0103ru\u0219ul r\u00e2z\u0103tor (Larus ridibundus). Lungimea corpului este de 37 \u2013 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":21621,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[],"tags":[],"birdwatching":[],"class_list":["post-3756","bird","type-bird","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPesc\u0103ru\u0219ul cu cap negru (Larus melanocephalus) - wild travel in Delta Dunarii<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pescarusul cu cap negru, denumit si martin cu cap negru, este o specie caracteristica zonelor umede deschise, la\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/ro\/bird\/pescarus-cu-cap-negru-larus-melanocephalus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pesc\u0103ru\u0219ul cu cap negru (Larus melanocephalus) - wild travel in Delta Dunarii\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pescarusul cu cap negru, denumit si martin cu cap negru, este o specie caracteristica zonelor umede deschise, la\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/ro\/bird\/pescarus-cu-cap-negru-larus-melanocephalus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"wild travel in Delta Dunarii\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wildtravel.ro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-04T17:34:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/aer-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1362\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wildtravel.ro\\\/ro\\\/bird\\\/pescarus-cu-cap-negru-larus-melanocephalus\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wildtravel.ro\\\/ro\\\/bird\\\/pescarus-cu-cap-negru-larus-melanocephalus\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pesc\u0103ru\u0219ul cu cap negru (Larus melanocephalus) - 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