{"id":1175,"date":"2012-03-21T20:38:04","date_gmt":"2012-03-21T18:38:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/bird\/pic-noir-driocopus-martius\/"},"modified":"2023-04-05T16:59:57","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T14:59:57","slug":"pic-noir-driocopus-martius","status":"publish","type":"bird","link":"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/fr\/bird\/pic-noir-driocopus-martius\/","title":{"rendered":"Pic noir (Driocopus martius)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le Pic noir<\/strong> (Dryocopus martius<\/em>) est le plus grand des pics europ\u00e9ens. Sa taille peut atteindre 51 cm. C’est un pic au plumage noir, sauf une calotte rouge chez le m\u00e2le (seulement la nuque chez la femelle). C’est un oiseau forestier au tambourinage tr\u00e8s sonore, des for\u00eats de h\u00eatres et de conif\u00e8res qui se repa\u00eet d’insectes xylophages.<\/p>\n

Dans des arbres sains, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des h\u00eatres en plaine, il creuse une cavit\u00e9 de grande taille en forme de puits (pouvant aller jusqu’\u00e0 50 cm) dans laquelle il installe son nid. La femelle pond le plus souvent 3-4 \u0153ufs dont l’incubation est courte (12 jours). Les jeunes quittent le nid au bout de 28 jours.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

En dehors de la p\u00e9riode de reproduction, c’est un oiseau s\u00e9dentaire, territorial et solitaire. Ses loges sont r\u00e9utilis\u00e9es comme nichoir par de nombreuses autres esp\u00e8ces comme la Chouette de Tengmalm, la Martre des pins, le Choucas des tours par exemple ou, plus \u00e9tonnant, par le Garrot \u00e0 \u0153il d’or, un canard du nord de l’Europe.<\/p>\n

Originaire des for\u00eats montagnardes du nord et du centre de l’Europe, le Pic noir est en expansion en plaine et vers les r\u00e9gions atlantiques depuis le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1960, sans qu’on puisse en expliquer r\u00e9ellement la raison. L’hypoth\u00e8se d’une modification des pratiques sylvicoles est avanc\u00e9e, mais les ornithologues se perdent en conjectures.<\/p>\n

Trois sous-esp\u00e8ces sont d\u00e9crites chez le Pic noir. La sous-esp\u00e8ce martius<\/em> est r\u00e9pandue dans la zone pal\u00e9arctique, de la France et la Scandinavie au nord du Japon\u00a0; la sous-esp\u00e8ce pinetorum<\/em> est pr\u00e9sente du sud et du centre de l’Europe au nord de l’Iran\u00a0; la sous-esp\u00e8ce khamensis<\/em>, plus petite, vit dans l’ouest de la Chine. Il est \u00e0 noter, toutefois, que la sous-esp\u00e8ce pinetorum<\/em> est de plus en plus consid\u00e9r\u00e9e aujourd’hui comme synonyme de martius<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Comme tous les pics, le Pic noir a sans doute beaucoup souffert au XX<\/span>e<\/sup>\u00a0si\u00e8cle de la rar\u00e9faction des bois morts et arbres s\u00e9nescents en for\u00eat. Le monitoring de la \u00ab\u00a0 Station ornithologique suisse\u00a0\u00bb a montr\u00e9 que la restauration de la quantit\u00e9 et qualit\u00e9 des bois morts et s\u00e9nescents (suivi par l’Inventaire forestier national<\/em> suisse) a permis une nette augmentation des populations reproductrices des esp\u00e8ces foresti\u00e8res d\u00e9pendante de plusieurs types de bois mort (pic noir, mais aussi Pic \u00e9peiche, Pic mar, Pic \u00e9peichette, Pic vert, Pic tridactyle ainsi que M\u00e9sange hupp\u00e9e, M\u00e9sange bor\u00e9ale et Grimpereau des bois) de 1990 \u00e0 2008, bien que, dans une certaine mesure, ces donn\u00e9es soient variables selon les esp\u00e8ces. Le Pic \u00e0 dos blanc a m\u00eame fortement \u00e9largi son aire dans l\u2019est de la Suisse.\"\"
\nPour toutes les esp\u00e8ces suivies, hormis pour le Pic vert et le Pic mar, la disponibilit\u00e9 croissante en bois mort semble \u00eatre le facteur explicatif le plus important. Ces esp\u00e8ces consommant les insectes parasites des arbres, on peut supposer que la r\u00e9silience \u00e9cologique des for\u00eats en sera am\u00e9lior\u00e9e.<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

Le Pic noir b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d’une protection totale sur le territoire fran\u00e7ais depuis l’arr\u00eat\u00e9 minist\u00e9riel du 17 avril 1981 relatif aux oiseaux prot\u00e9g\u00e9s sur l’ensemble du territoire. Il est inscrit \u00e0 l’annexe I de la directive Oiseaux de l’Union europ\u00e9enne. Il est donc interdit de le d\u00e9truire, le mutiler, le capturer ou l’enlever, de le perturber intentionnellement ou de le naturaliser, ainsi que de d\u00e9truire ou enlever les \u0153ufs et les nids, et de d\u00e9truire, alt\u00e9rer ou d\u00e9grader son milieu. Qu’il soit vivant ou mort, il est aussi interdit de le transporter, colporter, de l’utiliser, de le d\u00e9tenir, de le vendre ou de l’acheter.<\/p>\n

foto: Mihai Baciu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Pic noir (Dryocopus martius) est le plus grand des pics europ\u00e9ens. Sa taille peut atteindre 51 cm. C’est un pic au plumage noir, sauf une calotte rouge chez le m\u00e2le (seulement la nuque chez la femelle). C’est un oiseau forestier au tambourinage tr\u00e8s sonore, des for\u00eats de h\u00eatres et de conif\u00e8res qui se repa\u00eet […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":36364,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[],"tags":[],"birdwatching":[],"class_list":["post-1175","bird","type-bird","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPic noir (Driocopus martius) - Voyage sauvage dans le delta du Danube<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Pic noir (Dryocopus martius) est le plus grand des pics europ\u00e9ens\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/bird\/black-woodpecker-driocopus-martius\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pic noir (Driocopus martius) - Voyage sauvage dans le delta du Danube\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le Pic noir (Dryocopus martius) est le plus grand des pics europ\u00e9ens\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/bird\/black-woodpecker-driocopus-martius\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Voyage sauvage dans le delta du Danube\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wildtravel.ro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-04-05T14:59:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wildtravel.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Driocopus-martius.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1173\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wildtravel.ro\\\/bird\\\/black-woodpecker-driocopus-martius\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wildtravel.ro\\\/bird\\\/black-woodpecker-driocopus-martius\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pic noir (Driocopus martius) - 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